CD274 and neoplasm: These evidences led to the final approval of nivolumab by regulatory authorities in March 2016 for the second/third-line treatment of non-squamous NSCLC regardless of tumour PD-L1 expression.9 The data emerging from both randomised trials6,7,10 and real-life experiences11,12 suggested that immunotherapy is effective in a significant subgroup of patients, leading to durable disease control, long-term survival and improved QoL.