We found that the SK-Hep1, Li-7, MHCC-LM3 and MHCC-97H cell lines had lower endogenous expression levels of ATF3, and these four HCC cell lines were used to establish cells stably overexpressing ATF3 (Fig. 1a), which were used in the following functional experiments. The gene discussed is ATF3; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.