CDA and neoplasm: Some of these cells will carry selective survival advantages and will be responsible for further tumor progression.3 Likewise, overexpression of APOBEC3, a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family, may generate frequent C > T base substitutions also leading to tumor heterogeneity and progression along the malignancy pathway.27 Understanding the sequence of molecular events essential for tumor evolution may not only benefit early detection of malignancies but may also allow the development of more effective treatment and even prevention strategies.