CD4 and lung cancer: Our analysis (Figures 4C,D) identifies a complex effect of negative prognostic cell types (Tregs and monocyte-macrophage cells) and positive prognostic cell types (plasma cells and non-Treg CD4+ T cells) on clinical outcome and suggests a conserved cellular mechanism that hinders tumor clearance by lymphocyte-driven immune responses that in turn could influence recurrence in early stage lung cancer patients.