For example, WT1 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma has been linked to both improved49 and poor patient outcomes.26 These conflicting findings may be due to the fact that analysing cancers en masse is too blunt an instrument, i.e. subtleties in expression levels between cancer sub-types may better inform our understandings of pathogenesis and the appropriateness of targeted therapies. The gene discussed is WT1; the disease is invasive ductal breast carcinoma.