CCL2 and cancer: More importantly, 1 is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO), making it potentially relevant for the treatment of cancer-related inflammation23,24.