NOS1 and cerebral malaria: This finding suggests that a major reason for cerebrovascular dysfunction in ECM can be ascribed to L-arginine deficiency, indicating that otherwise the NOS enzymes are functional even at an environment of oxidative stress and BH4 deficiency, and therefore giving support to the prospect that a relatively simple intervention, that is, L-arginine supplementation, could restore cerebrovascular function in cerebral malaria, as proposed11.