Moreover, HCQ did not impact the activation of CD8+ T cell in vitro or in vivo, as evaluated by the expression of CD69 and CD137 (markers of the activated CD8+ T-cell) [20, 21] (Fig. 4d and e), suggesting that the anti-cancer effects induced by HCQ are mediated by CD8+ T cell rather than activating T cells directly. The gene discussed is TNFRSF9; the disease is cancer.