VEGFA and neoplasm: Additionally, we analysed the whole tumour immune microenvironment in HCQ- and/or DOX-treated mice with orthotopic lung cancer, and we found that HCQ with or without DOX treatment increased inflammatory cytokine expression, such as Ifng, IL12b, IL1b and IL6 (Fig. 5f), and decreased Tgfb1, IL10 and Vegfa expression (Fig. 5g).