TGFB1 and age-related macular degeneration: In vitro, it has been demonstrated that Müller glial cells inhibit proliferation of retinal ECs by TGF-β2 secretion [65], RPE-derived TGF-β leads microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype [66,67], and TGF-β2 supports RPE cell survival on aged and AMD Bruch’s membrane [68].