Because ESCC patients with high EGFR expression have shown a higher response rate on EGFR-targeting regimen, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, than those with low or moderate EGFR expression [16,17,18,19], EGFR could be a proper molecular target for diagnosis and targeted therapy. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.