FGF2 and neoplasm: The suggested mechanisms of oleandrin-mediated inhibition of tumor cell proliferation are as follows: alteration of membrane fluidity [47,48]; reduction of the activation of the nuclear transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) [21,49]; elevation of intracellular calcium [22,36] and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative injury and mitochondrial injury [22,25,26]; inhibition of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) [48]; and weakening of the regulation of IL-8 receptors [50].