ACE and atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis of studies published from 1996 to 2008 reported that AF was associated with increased all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.4) in those with HF, a finding that persisted even after adjustment for confounding factors.6 However, this analysis included studies with relatively low use of contemporary therapies, such as β‐blockers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (prescribed in ≈24% and 65% of patients, respectively).