RNF216 and malignant colon neoplasm: Ring family ubiquitin ligase RNF216 (ring-finger protein-216) is another protein which suppresses autophagy by inducing K48-linked poly-ubiquitination and degradation of BECN1 in TLR-stimulated macrophages and colon cancer (Xu et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2016).