ELK1 and depressive symptom measurement: Recently, Dr. Tzavara's group at Sorbonne University in France reported that ELK-1, a transcription factor (TF) and a major downstream target of the ERK signaling pathway, is upregulated both in depressive suicides and in animal models of depression induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and social defeat (Apazoglou et al., 2018).