Yu et al. found an increased tumor burden in PPARγ deficient mice in a diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC model, while prophylactic treatment with rosiglitazone decreased the incidence of HCC.10 In addition, a major risk factor for HCC development is ongoing fibrogenesis leading to cirrhosis, ultimately predisposing hepatocytes to malignant transformation. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.