TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the present study we have observed that a series of parameters that are altered by T2D - oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential and SIRT1, leukocyte-endothelial interactions and NFκB and TNFα levels in leukocytes - are restored by the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant SS-31, thus highlighting its potential as an agent in the treatment of T2D.