MAPT and dementia: The AD is the most common type of dementia, characterized by two pathological hallmarks including formation of senile plaques (SPs) by extracellular deposits of β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) from aggregated hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins in the brain (Jack et al., 2013), which are associated with elevated levels of phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) and decreased levels of the nonsoluble Aβ1-42 from abnormal cleavage of Aβ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (Blennow and Hampel, 2003).