NPPB and cardiac hypertrophy: The results showed that activation of CaSR with GdCl3 (30 μM) induced cardiac hypertrophy, as indicated by the increased cell surface area (Figures 1A,B) and increased mRNA expression of ANP and BNP in H9C2 cells (Figures 1C,D), effects that were similar to the effects of Iso (10 μM).