However, under some pathological conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac hypertrophy, CaSR expression is upregulated, leading to [Ca2+]i enhancement and thus aggravating the progression of these diseases (Guo et al., 2012, 2017; Zhang et al., 2016). The gene discussed is CASR; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.