Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, p-NF κ B p65 and Iba1 in hippocampus was obviously elevated by CRS as compared with CON, and suppressed by RE compared with CRS mice (F2,9 = 81.089; F2,9 = 76.164; F2,9 = 64.568; F2,9 = 90.507; respectively; P < 0.01; Figure 3). Here, TNF is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.