A significant increase in serum IL-8 and TNF-α level was shown in the BPH group (17.12 ± 0.73 ng/ml and 1.80 ± 0.06 ng/ml, respectively, P<0.01) compared with the sham operation control group (5.71 ± 0.65 ng/ml and 0.55 ± 0.04 ng/ml; Figure 2(a)). Here, TNF is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.