In view of the complex- and context-dependent role of autophagy in cancer progression and response to therapy, it could be hypothesized that the inhibition of the mTOR pathway and the consequent induction of autophagy may be useful in certain cancers through autophagy-dependent antitumor immunity, autophagy-dependent cytotoxic effects, or other tumor-suppressor effects [66]. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and cancer.