TGFB1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: In an attempt to decipher the mechanism by which activation of Shh pathway mediate the tumorigenic potential and malignant phenotype in bladder cancer, Islam et al. (2016) performed a number of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments and revealed that SHh was able to induce the epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotype (EMT) through activation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b1) pathway [26].