In a cross-sectional study of middle-aged healthy volunteers, associations between RHI and male gender, BMI, total-/HDL-cholesterol, diabetes, smoking and lipid-lowering therapy were reported.[9] Also, in healthy adolescents RHI was associated with soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, insulin resistance and saturated fatty acids.[32] Contrary to this, smaller studies in healthy subjects[15, 30] and in young patients with T1D[25, 27] only showed significant associations with RHI and pubertal stage. Here, ICAM1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.