Taking into account the ubiquitous expression of PD-L1 receptor (PD-1) on non-myeloid specific immune cells (CD8, CD4 and Treg), our results indicate that immunotherapy with IFNα could lead to an undesirable side effect of general immunosuppression and consequently to increased tumor immune evasion or chronification of infection. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA2 and neoplasm.