The results of our study show that vitamin D3 supplementation in T1DM+AIT and T2DM+AIT patients reduced the concentration of inflammatory Th1 cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12) and increased levels of anti-inflammatory Th2-profile cytokines (IL-4, IL-5) and IL-10 and IL-17. This evidence concerns the gene IL5 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.