Following intranasal infection with C. pneumoniae (strain AR-39), mice were treated with Avelox (moxifloxacin hydrochloride) for 7–21, 28–42, 56–70, or 84–98 days post-infection; sacrifice was at 6 months post-infection, with brains analyzed for C. pneumoniae, Aβ1–42 deposition (plaques) and astrocyte (GFAP) cellular reactivity. Here, GFAP is linked to infection.