CCL2 and clostridium difficile infection: Compared to the CDI group, Image J analysis of the positive area percentage indicated that the levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, and phospho-NF-κB p65 were significantly lower in the LI05 group (30.16 ± 5.14 vs. 21.70 ± 3.38; 24.77 ± 3.73 vs. 21.70 ± 3.38, and 19.34 ± 3.38 vs. 13.68 ± 2.71, respectively; P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively).