Further investigation into fibroblast function in PDAC in longer-term experiments with mouse PDAC models showed that fibroblast ablation using smoothened inhibitor or genetic depletion of Shh or αSMA+ myofibroblasts, in fact showed that the stroma restrained tumor growth and metastasis (Oezdemir et al., 2014; Rhim et al., 2014). Here, ACTA1 is linked to neoplasm.