PBK and neoplasm: Suppression of TOPK activity proportionately increases the apoptotic fraction of tumour cells by upregulating pro-apoptotic p53 transcriptional targets, NOXA, BAK, FAS and Caspase 1028, downregulating Bcl-XL expression36 and increasing PARP and caspase 3 cleavage via JNK and p38 signal pathway activation22.