IRF9 and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: In addition, STAT3 negatively regulates the type I IFN signaling pathway by inhibiting expression of IRF7, IRF9, STAT1 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (Lu et al., 2018). Thus STAT3 and ISGF3 are distinct and activated STAT3 might suppress ISGF3 in ccRCC cells, and this deserves further investigation.