PBRM1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: PBRM1 was also found to amplify a HIF signature (Gao et al., 2017) and genetic ablation of both Vhl and Pbrm1 in mouse kidneys leads to ccRCC while single loss fails to do so (Nargund et al., 2017; Gu et al., 2017).