Our main findings are that TSPO PET tracer binding is significantly elevated in patients with schizophrenia relative to controls when BP is used as an outcome measure, with a small-to-moderate effect size (Hedge's g = 0.31; p = 0.03), but there is no significant difference when the tracer volume of distribution (VT) is used as the outcome measure (Hedge's g = −0.22; p = 0.296). The gene discussed is TSPO; the disease is schizophrenia.