CD4 and infection: T cells with IFN‐γ only production were characterized as terminally differentiated and exhausted, and associated with active TB progression,45, 46 while effector–memory CD4+ T cells with multicytokine coexpression were associated with control of M.tb and other infections.47 I.N. immunization showed preference of inducing CD44+CD62Llow effector–memory CD4+ T cells (CD4+ TEM) in the lung, with a frequency higher than those in the spleen and LN, and those induced by S.C. immunization.