Misregulation of orthologues of some of these genes have been reported in mammalian models of ALS and FTD or in human patients: the splicing of a U12-type intron in C19orf54, the human orthologue of CG33108, is affected in an ALS transgenic mouse model expressing human FUS, which is encoded by a gene that, when mutated, can cause ALS and rare cases of FTD52. This evidence concerns the gene ACTMAP and frontotemporal dementia.