There are reports of a PD1 antibody ameliorating autoimmunity in a lupus-like disease model in mice (63–65) but, as this antibody had previously been shown to act as a PD1 blocking agent, the authors attributed the effect to either cytotoxic depletion of PD1 expressing cells or enhanced suppressive activity of Tregs following PD1 blockade. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is Autoimmunity.