KLK3 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ: Univariate analysis showed that PSA (hazard ratio = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04, P = 0.0001), pT3a (hazard ratio = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.27–3.14, P = 0.003), pT3b (hazard ratio = 4.42, 95% CI: 2.24–8.72, P < 0.001), positive surgical margins (hazard ratio 3.24, 95% CI: 2.11–4.97, P < 0.0001), intraductal carcinoma (hazard ratio = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.36–3.36, P = 0.001), and any invasive cribriform growth (hazard ratio 1.78, 1.16–2.74, P = 0.008) were all significant predictors for biochemical recurrence-free survival (Table 2).