IL1B and systemic lupus erythematosus: We found ALD-DNA significantly increased the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α from the concentration of 10 μg/ml, the fold changes were 4.09 ± 0.85, 3.87 ± 0.97, 1.38 ± 0.14, respectively (p = 0.000, 0.001, 0.014, respectively), meanwhile, expressions of Arg-1, Fizz-1, and IL-10 decreased as observed in SLE patients, as well as Ym-1 (Fig. S2).