TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: With the Akt phosphorylation at 30 min and 12 h (Fig. 5c), imitated SLE macrophages treated with IGF-1 only showed reduced mRNA levels of IL-1β (1.35 ± 0.55 fold change vs. 2.48 ± 0.35 fold change, p = 0.011), IL-6 (1.19 ± 0.73 fold change vs. 3.35 ± 1.07 fold change, p = 0.012) and TNF-α (1.01 ± 0.47 fold change vs. 1.80 ± 0.25 fold change, p = 0.011) (Fig. 6a), as well as CD80 expression (23.39 ± 14.86% vs. 58.17 ± 3.84%, p = 0.003) (Fig. 6b).