Based on the role of TGF-β, many therapeutic approaches involving the inhibition of TGF-β have been tested in experimental models of CKD and clinical trials, such as the administration of neutralizing anti-TGF-β antibodies and small interfering RNAs that target the TGF-β type II receptor, which can reduce structural renal injury and decrease renal fibrosis in CKD [121–123]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.