IKKα, therefore, serves as a key switch in the coordinated regulation of both NF-κB-dependent and NF-κB-independent gene transcription and this underpins the outcomes associated with events that initiate and/or perpetuate the development of acquired characteristics, or phenotypes, we now recognise as cancer ‘hallmarks’ as identified and defined by Hanahan and Weinberg [46,47]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cancer.