These results have significant implications for diabetic retinopathy because, although the appearance of retinal histopathology, characteristic of diabetic retinopathy, in rodent models is visible only after 6 to 8 months of diabetes, Rac1-Nox2-ROS signaling is an early event, which can be seen within 2 weeks after induction of diabetes. The gene discussed is RAC1; the disease is diabetic retinopathy.