IFNA1 and infection: First, to evaluate whether the GM-CSF/IFN-α/VACCINE has the ability to reduce serum levels of both HBeAg and HBsAg, the immunotolerogenic animal model with AAV8-1.3HBV infection was established and then immunized with a mixed GM-CSF/IFN-α/VACCINE regimens intramuscularly for 3 times at biweekly intervals, and a boost injection three weeks after the third immunization (Figure 1A).