In women with PCOS, the impaired insulin-stimulated total oxidative and non-oxidative glucose disposal are associated with a consistent downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation gene expression (OXPHOS) in skeletal muscle that couples with reduced levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator alpha (PGC-1alpha) (41). Here, PPARGC1A is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.