Prior studies demonstrate that elevated levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are linked to neuronal hyperexcitability (1) and are found in serum and CSF of patients with epilepsy (6–10). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is epilepsy.