Expression of IL-6 and IL-1β was shown to be strongly enhanced in interfollicular areas of tonsils of children with infectious mononucleosis (32), suggesting that EBV infection results in the expression of specific cytokine genes in EBV-infected and neighboring cells, but little is known on the proinflammatory cytokine profiles in cases of neurological manifestation of EBV infection. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Epstein-Barr virus infection.