HMGB1 and Febrile seizure (within the age range of 3 months to 6 years): For example, serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in children with febrile convulsions are elevated, compared with those in children with fever alone (Choi et al., 2011).