Because it has been reported that mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity is reduced in the brains of PD patients (Schapira et al., 1989, Winklhofer and Haass, 2010), we used rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor (Du et al., 2016), to mimic environmental toxicity to mitochondria. Here, NDUFV1 is linked to Parkinson disease.