PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Recently, human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a handful of candidate causal genes such as PNPLA3, SAMM50, PARVB, GCKR, LCP1, LYPLAL1, PPP1R3B, TM6SF2, and TRIB1 for NAFLD [14–16].