Moreover, 2% sevoflurane inhalation for 5 h was found to activate the NF-κB pathway in aged rats, thereby promoting the production of inflammatory factors, and affecting the learning and memory of rats [20], which further highlighted the involvement of NF-kB pathway in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in rats induced by sevoflurane. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.