APC and hepatocellular carcinoma: For instances, Villanueva et al. [5] used genome-wide methylation profiling not only to discover many genes that are aberrantly methylated in HCC, such as RSSFA1, IGF2, APC, RASSF5, SFRP5, NEFH, SEPT9, EFNB2 and FGF6, but also to point to signaling pathways clearly deregulated by DNA methylation in HCC, such as IGF, PI3K, TGF-b, and WNT signaling pathways.