IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; ATS, American Thoracic Society; ERS, European Respiratory Society; JRS, Japanese Respiratory Society; ALAT, Latin American Thoracic Association; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; INR, international normalised ratio. The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.