GPNMB and Alzheimer disease: The majority of genes that we discovered to be upregulated in APP/PS1KI mice compared to both control groups were implicated in inflammation-associated pathways and included intensively studied genes such as TREM2. Intriguingly, one of the most strongly up-regulated genes in the APP/PS1KI model was Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a gene that so far has not been implicated in AD [51].