Currently, the role of the polymorphisms in the apoE [21], eNOS [18, 20], XPD [22], XRCC1 [22], renalase [23, 26], ADIPOQ [31] and CCR2 [24] genes in the aetiology of CKD remains controversial and further larger studies should be conducted to confirm these results in population groups within Africa. Here, XRCC1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.